The special education process Essay Example for Free

The special education process Essay The purpose of descriptive, qualitative study will be to discover how parents and teachers of special education students see their roles in the special education process. The study also will seek to assess the level of participation of the parents and teachers of students with special needs. The questions that will be specifically posed for the study are: a) What is the extent of parental involvement (participation) in the education of their children in special education self-contained programs? b) Is there a significant difference between the perceptions of teachers and the perceptions of parents concerning their role and their importance of parental involvement for special education students in self-contained programs? The school district was selected based on its location, size and diversity. The school district was selected based on: 1) high incidence of special needs students, 2) racial composition of students in self-contained program and 3) racial composition of teaching staff. The population was multicultural being primarily composed of African-American, White, Hispanic, and Asian parents and teachers. The study was conducted through teacher and parent questionnaires which were specifically developed by the researcher for this study. The survey questionnaire was developed as a result of many discussions pertaining to parents’ and educators’ feelings about parental involvement in the special education process of their children. Two 25 item questionnaires (one for the parent and one for the special education teacher) served as instruments to compare the perceptions of parents and special education teachers. The 25 item questionnaires helped ascertain how often parents participate in the various parental involvement opportunities in the school, determine parents’ level of understanding of parental involvement, measure the parents satisfaction with their current involvement, and get the respondents’ opinions regarding the effectiveness of parental involvement in the education of the children. The primary source of data was collected through parent and teacher survey questionnaires within the school district. Each questionnaire and corresponding teacher or parent was assigned a number for tracking and confidentiality purposes. The anonymity of each survey participant was guaranteed because participant’s names were not placed on the instrument. Data collection entailed the use of self-administered survey questionnaires that were distributed by mail. Mailed surveys were utilized because they provided the most cost effective method of gathering data. Participating parents and teachers were given instrument packages with self-explanatory directions; they were asked to complete the questionnaires independently and return them. Participants were given two weeks to complete the 25 item questionnaire. At the end of the two weeks, a follow up call or letter was made to parents. Questionnaires completed by the parents of 22 students in self contained were analyzed in relation to the special education teachers’ responses. A survey instrument was used to assess the perceptions the parents of children in self contained program on parental involvement in the education of their special needs children. Teachers were given a similar author-developed questionnaire to determine teacher’s thoughts about the parental involvement of the parents of their students in self contained program. Participation was on a voluntary basis. The data for this study was collected through two questionnaires using a parallel sample. The parallel populations were: 1) parents who have children enrolled in special education program (self-contained) and 2) special education teachers. Variables considered were race, age, parents’ income, parent marital status, and parent educational level. Teachers’ variables include age, marital status, race, and teaching experience The nature and extent of parental involvement by parents of special needs children and teachers in self-contained classrooms were examined. The study was intended to provide information on the differences between parents and school teachers perceptions of involvement in the special education process. The data will be presented as a summation of teachers’ and parents’ response to the questionnaires. The responses of the two groups were transcribed and analyzed using a description of results. The responses of the two groups were also compared on their perceptions of parent involvement. All data received through special education teacher and parent questionnaires were reviewed and analyzed through a detailed description of teacher and parent responses

living in basement :: essays research papers

Living in a basement is definitively associated with numerous inconveniences. Yet, after having spent almost two years in such location, I managed to find one feature distinguishing basement from other apartments in a way that recompenses all of its nuisances - the window. A view from the narrow gap which is positioned merely few inches above the pavement provides remarkable experience of learning the city’s life. The view my window offers may not appear intensively interesting at first, as, for the most part, it consists of wayfarers’ legs moving in opposite directions. However, after several hours of observation, it is possible to notice that the pace of people is at variance not only according to hour of the day, but also shifts throughout the week and year. And the pattern in the manner of how the passer-by’s gait changes embodies the city life’s rhythm. As the day commences, footpath is congested with citizens hastening to their workplaces. From their tread one can scent somnolence, and lassitude. There are however individuals bursting with the energy and sense of fulfilling their ambitions. As time passes many of the pedestrians become children and students. They toddle without hustle, still with a dose of excitement. Later on, in the midday hours the crowd dilutes, as if preparing for the rush of the afternoon. The pace of people returning homes indicates their fatigue and hope for finding time to calm at homes. Evening is definitively the time of the young people. Roaming teenagers and students are filled with jaunty and light thoughts, and the positive energy surrounding them spreads among all the surrounding. The later it becomes the more chaotic and disordered the moves of the striders become. Finally, as the dawn draws closer streets become deserted, save for the communal service workers, and whole cycle is ready to restart. Another dissimilarities in people’s way of walking can be observed with the shift of the seasons. Wayfarers tend to saunter much slower in summer, due to the high temperature’s influence on our mood and energy supplies. A perceptible amount of caution characterises feelings of pedestrians in winter, since the pavements become treacherous and dangerous places when covered with even the thinnest layer of ice.

Motivational theories applied in the workplace Essay

Within this assignment I will be looking at the various motivational theories that organisations may use in order to more their workforce more efficient. The organisation I will look at is Tesco as they now employ over 468,000 employees worldwide and have adopted various methods in order to give their employees increased knowledge, skills and job satisfaction by using training and relevant rewards and recognition schemes. Motivation is very important within an organisation that relies heavily on their employees as this will determine how efficiently they work. Motivation can be given in many ways such as personal interest in the job they are doing or other factors such as rewards, other factors include recognition of hard work, a sense of achievement, responsibility within the workplace, opportunity of promotion and also a sense of challenge and enjoyment. By motivating employees in this way they will be able to work harder and achieve a high quality of work in less time. If this is applied within Tesco, the same task will take a shorter period of time meaning a reduced labour cost for the business. The first motivational theory I am going to look at is Taylor’s theory which suggests that employee’s main incentive to work is for money purposes only. Although Taylor’s theory is based upon a production line where workers are paid for each item that is produced which creates an incentive to work faster. Although this meant that work would be completed quicker, it may also lead to lower quality work. Some positive aspects of this theory include that people are able to work for longer periods, and workers feel rewarded for putting in more effort although negative features may include not being suitable to everyone as people may feel less secure in their job. This motivational theory has been adopted within Tesco in order to motivate their staff by offering incentives, these incentives are varied according to lifestyle and includes free shares, pension scheme, private healthcare and contract mobile phones. Tesco offer varied incentives so that every employee has something to work towards as there are different rewards for different people. Although one disadvantage of adopting this method within Tesco is that only the floor staff will benefit as it will relate to the amount of work they complete, whereas mangers do not have the same type of work and will miss out on the same rewards, this means Tesco must adopt multiple theories to suit all employees. The next motivational theory I will look at is the Hawthorne study which suggests that there were various factors which created motivation at work and this included; greater communication, good teamwork, showing an interest in others and ensuring work was non-repetitive. This is due to Elton Mayo suggesting that receptiveness will make employees bored and become less motivated. Which means employees should be given freedom to make choices within their workplace. Although a disadvantage of using this theory is that employees will not get any financial benefits such as bonuses. This is apparent within Tesco as communication within this company is an important factor in order to motivate staff, examples of this include 1-to-1 discussions between floor staff and managers and also with the use of the company’s intranet which is used to offer jobs to current employees before they go out to the public. Another motivational theory I will focus on is Maslow, which includes a pyramid style of motivation where basic or physical needs must be met before the other stages can be dealt with. The other stages include security within the business, social needs which include teambuilding and a sense of belonging between employees, self-esteem which may include promotions and also self-fulfilment that may consist of a constant challenge they face within the workplace. This motivational theory is used within Tesco to motivate all employees within the organisation, such as ensuring each worker has a regular monthly pay and the use of facilities such as a restaurant. The next stage Tesco focus on is the need for security at work, this is in the form of formal contracts of employment to ensure employees feel secure in the job they have taken, security within Tesco also includes pension schemes, union options and also health and safety within the workplace. In addition to this, the Herzberg theory is also used within workplaces such as Tesco, and this includes both motivators and hygiene factors. Some motivational factors that are used within Tesco include: 1. Achievement 2. Responsibility 3. Promotion 4. Growth Also including hygiene factors such as: 1. Pay and benefits 2. Company policy 3. Supervision 4. Job security 5. Working conditions Tesco uses each of these factors in order to motivate its staff by delegating responsibility and decision making which will help to improve the communication within the business and ensure staff are working to the best of their ability. Although by following these factors no social needs are looked into which can be important within a large business such as Tesco. The McGregor theory implies that workers are one of two types which are labelled theory X which include: 1. Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible 2. Individuals who lack ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led 3. Individuals who desire security For Theory X workers in order to achieve organisational objectives, a business would need to include a management system, control and correct penalties where needed. And Theory Y workers can be described as: 1. Consider effort at work as just like rest or play 2. Ordinary people who do not dislike work. Depending on the working conditions, work could be considered a source of satisfaction or punishment 3. Individuals who seek responsibility The implications for Theory Y workers are that to achieve organisational objectives, various rewards can be used to motivate workers. Although in order for the workers to show development the workplace must create a working environment. The McGregor theory is used within Tesco by providing a management system for workers on the shop floor by offering one to one talks with their own sector manager which will help to establish objectives for their work and also gives the employees a chance to express any enquiries they may have about their job. The next theory I will look at is the McClelland theory which suggests that there are three main types of motivational needs: 1. The need for achievement 2. The need for authority and power 3. The need for affiliation. Tesco makes use of this theory as each employee and manager has differencing levels of needs, and this influences them within their working environment. Tesco do this by ensuring all employees feel a part of a group and a part of the company, this can be achieved by giving employees responsibility to complete tasks and also have a chance at promotion. The final theory I will explore is the Vroom theory which proposes that employees will work harder if they can see that the overall outcome of their work will benefit them more. This is shown using a formula that can be used to show how motivated someone is likely to be. Tesco are able to use this by offering greater rewards for the work that their employees complete, which may include additional discounts on all areas of the company such as food and electronics and also offering their employees’ private health memberships.

New Balance Corporation Overview of Sustenance in Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5483 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? A most number of facts prove that changes in the approach employers direct the efforts of employees have significant allegations for the time allegations of work. A rise in the literature directs to the greedy (Coser, 1974) character which is also called as post-Fordist (Amin, 1994; DiPrete et al., 2002), post-industrial (Lewis, 2003), post-modern (Kumar, 1995) or very effective presentation work (Appelbaum et al., 2000; Osterman, 2000; Godard, 2001). These concepts contribute to the statement that there has been a shift from work based on the authority from the higher level to the lower level will result in more flexible production technologies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "New Balance Corporation Overview of Sustenance in Market" essay for you Create order Generally, the theory consist of some form of team-based work, advances in training structure and line of business progress, and performance-related compensation (Ramsay et al., 2000; White et al., 2003; DiPrete at al., 2002; Appelbaum et al., 2000; Perlow, 1999). These measures involve management giving up many restrictions imposed on employees and bringing in a variety of techniques which are aimed to increase employees work contentment and obligation (Ramsay et al., 2000). The penalty for this job proposed for the worker is heralded with phrases like employability and empowerment. By facilitating employees to contribute and be appropriate to their acquaintance and proficiency more fully, a better output is achieved at working (Ramsay et al., 2000; Baron and Kreps, 1999). When taken in a positive account this comes down to freeing employees from suppression on work from many years in the past and replacing them with difficult tasks, self-government and accomplishment. (E.g. Sennett , 1998; Vallas, 1999; Godard, 2001). (Meyers, 1997) Experimental studies on the time squeeze show that these job characteristics lead to time-greedy workplaces, i.e. individuals in this department use up longer hours at work than in the more long-established workplaces (Godard, 2001; White et al., 2003; Perlow, 1999; Barker, 1993; Hochschild, 1997). It is also recommended that increase in fight between individuals at the work place may correspond to this phenomenon. (Glebbeek and Van der Lippe, 2004) As per Thurows (1975) well known job-competition representation, which proposes that opposition shifts to superiority in terms when remuneration is inflexible or greater than the market-clearing level, it can also be taken in a way that competition may take the form of an enthusiasm to give over much time to work. This Time Competition encourages human resources to fiddle with long hours in view of the fact that for every worker who considers restraining his hours there are generally many in number who is ready to give the organization what all it requires (Schor, 1992: 71). As Leslie Perlow writes in an in-depth study of this phenomenon, The grueling schedules that used to be typical only for top corporate management and self-employed people are becoming more prevalent in one organization after the other. (Perlow, 1998: 331) Even after the economic model on labour supply has proven its worth in both theoretical and empirical examinations, it is always considered as a mystery: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ All established theories of the labour promotion are based on the perception that an employer pay money for and a worker sells his time in the service convention which in other terminology can be told as, people work for the money. On the other hand, a noteworthy part of overtime is unpaid. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ In the standard model of labour supply, it is assumed that employees work their most wanted number of hours, based on the most advantageous arrangement of their payment and preferred time. In theory human resources might work more than they would like, namely if employers do not leave them another choice (lumpiness of labour demand). When put into practice, however, employees also work more than they would like (i.e. are over-employed) without imposed restrictions from the employer (the puzzle of over-employment). ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ In the ordinary model, the individuals are expected to make coherent choices; they choose the combination of income and leisure time that maximizes their well-being (or utility). Working overtime, on the other hand, is often connected with feelings of time pressure and stress, an inability to combine work and care, and every now and then even with psychological problems in the long run. People thus choose to expose themselves to extensive diminution in their welfare, which is unusual from the point of view that utility maximization. (Kraut Korman, 1999) Str ategic management provides the route map for the firm. It lends a framework, which can ensure that decisions regarding the future are taken in a methodical and purposeful way. Strategic management also serves as a hedge against uncertainty, a hedge against totally unexpected developments on the business horizon. This lends a structure of suggestion for speculation decisions. It aids the absorption of possessions on vital areas of best impending. It offers a line of attack by which the organisation could look forward to and develop the future and be internally prepared to handle the operations. It assists to increase processes, systems, mechanisms and decision-making position that are indispensable for this principle. (Kraut Korman, 1999) Strategic Business Area (SBA) SBA is a distinctive segment of the environment in which the firm does want to do business. A company instead of trying to compete in all the area, it selects the area of its competitive advantage and invest its money and strategies Management Science I Prof. M.Thenmozhi Indian Institute of Technology Madras in that area. This helps the company to concentrate its strategies in a particular area and to reduce the unnecessary expenses in non-profitable area. Functional Strategy: Strategy that is related to each functional area of business such as production, marketing and personnel is called functional strategy. It is designed and managed in a coordinated way so that they interrelate with each other and at the same time collectively allow the competitive strategy to be implemented properly. (Paul L. Dishman, 2008) Strategy formulation is the growth of long range campaigns for the operative management of environmental prospects and threats in light of corporate strengths and wea knesses. It includes defining the corporate mission, specifying achievable aims, developing strategies and setting strategy guidelines. It begins with situational analysis. The simplest way is to analyse this is through SWOT analysis. This is the method to analyse the potency and weak points in order to make the most of the hazard and to triumph over the hazard. SWOT is regarded as Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. How the external opportunities and threats facing a particular corporation can be harmonized with that companys inner potency and weak point to consequence in four sets of probable premeditated alternatives. Mission An organizations mission is the principle or the enthusiasm for the firms existence. A well visualized mission proclamation characterizes the essential, only one of its kind purposes that distinguish a company away from each other from extra organizations which are of the same kind and identifies the scope of the companys procedure in terms of the products offered and markets hand round. A mission statement may be defined narrowly or broadly in scope. A broadly defined mission statement keeps the company from limiting itself to single field or product line, but it fails to clearly identify what it makes or which product/market it plans to emphasize. A narrow mission very clearly states the organizations primary business, but it may limit the choice of the firms activities in terms of product or service offered, the technology used and the market served. (UNITED NATIONS, 2008) Objectives Objectives are the outcomes of an intended action. The objectives correspond to the actions that are to be done and should be computed if possible. The accomplishment of corporate objective should result in the fulfilment of a corporate mission. In a very different scenario an objective, a goal is an unwrapped ended statement of what is to be achieved with no calculation of what is to be achieved and no time decisive factor for the finishing point. The regions which the company may target and strive for establishing its goals and objectives are prosperity, enlargement, shareholders wealth, proper utilization of resources etc. Strategies The standard norms and strategies of an organization form a wide-ranging master plan which states how the company will achieve its stated goals and targets. It takes full use of the competitive advantage and diminishes the competitive disadvantage. Types of strategy: There are three standard types of strategies which are generally considered by many of the business firms: Corporate strategy: It tells about a companys overall direction in terms of its general attitude towards development and supervision of its various fabrication and product lines. Corporate strategy mainly corresponds to three key issues in front of the firm as a whole. Directional strategy: the firms overall orientation towards development, steadiness and reduction of expenditure. The two basic growth strategies are meditation and diversified nature. The growth of a business can be made possible through combination, getting hold of the on-going, occupation, joint business enterprise and premeditated association. Turnaround, divestment and insolvency are the various types of reduction of expenditure approach. Portfolio analysis: The industries or markets in which the organization contends through its products and business units are called as portfolio analysis. In this type of analysis, top management views its product lines and business units as a chain of portfolio savings and all the time keeps a check on the operations going on for a profitable return. Two of the most popular strategies are the BCG Growth Share Matrix and GE business screen Parenting strategy: The approach in which administration coordinates behaviour and transfers possessions and develop competencies among product lines and business units. Business strategy: It is generally present on the business item or product level and it lays prominence to the enhance the structure of competition in terms of products and services offered by the corporation in the specific industry or marketing sector served b y that production unit. It may well be shaped within two on the whole categories of competitive or corporate strategies. Competitive strategy is the strategy battle in opposition to all the contenders for improvement. Michael Porter came forward with three competitive strategies which are known as Generic strategies. They are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Cooperative strategy is to work with one or more competitors to gain advantage against other competitors. (Meyers, 1997) Stages of corporate development The Corporations which are termed to be successful have a propensity to follow a prototype of structural enlargement called stages of progress as they nurture and make bigger. Starting with the simple structure of the industrial firm, they generally become superior and handle the operations as per functional lines with promotion fabrication and funding sections. With continuing success the company includes new product lines in different industries and organizes itself into organized divisions. Applying the principle of customer-focused organization leads to the following actions: Understanding the whole range of customer needs and expectations for products, delivery, price, dependability, etc. Ensuring a balanced approach among customers and additional stakeholders Communicating these needs and expectations throughout the organization Measuring customer satisfaction and acting on results and Managing customer relationships. (Gordon Phillips, 2010) Beneficial ap plications of this principle include: Policy and strategy formulation, making sure that the individuals of the organization are aware of the customer needs and the needs of other stakeholders; Goal and target setting, ensuring that appropriate goals and targets are in a straight line linked to purchaser needs and opportunities; Operational management, humanizing and striving to give the best performance of the organization to meet customer needs; Human resources management, ensuring that the people have the acquaintance and skills required to keep happy the organizations customer Applying the principle of process approach leads to the following actions: Defining the process to accomplish the preferred consequence, Identifying and keeping a check on the inputs and outputs of the process, Making out the interfaces of the process with the functions of the organization, Estimating possible risk factors, and its consequences and impacts of developments on consu mers, suppliers and other stakeholders of the course, Establishing clear responsibility, authority, and accountability for managing the process, Identifying the internal and external customers, suppliers and other stakeholders of the process, and When designing processes, consideration is given to process steps, activities, flows, control measures, training needs, equipment, methods, information, materials and other resources to achieve the desired result. (Entrekin Court, 2001) Beneficial applications of this principle include: For policy and strategy formulation, utilizing defined processes throughout the organization will lead to more predictable results, better use of resources, shorter, cycle times and lower costs; For goal and target setting, understanding the capability of processes facilitates the creation of challenging goals and targets; For operational management, adopting the process approach for all operations results in lower costs, prevention of errors, control of variation, shorter cycle times and more predictable outputs; For human resource management establishing cost and well-organized processes for human resource management, such as taking into service, instruction and guidance, enables the arrangement of these courses of actions with the needs of the organization and bring into being a more accomplished. (J., 1991) Manufacturing Perspective When we discuss issues pertaining to manufacturing option New Balance Corporation has made up a greater change in whole new world of shoe manufacturing .They brought up changes, which would bring better options varying technologies .They used some best tailoring equipments which would make better profits and also provide end source production within an hour as of the china market production of shoe. Below is the brief overview of the corporation which has gained maximum profit in producing shoes at a better level. New Balance is able to remain competitive at home by creatively adapting new technologies to shoemaking, and constantly training their employees in teamwork and technical skills. Employees start with 22 hours of classroom training on teamwork and get constant training on the factory floor. They work in teams of five or six, sharing tasks and helping one another to make sure everything gets done. Many of the ideas for process improvement come from shop floor workers. (J ., 1991) Borrowing technology from apparel manufacturers, New Balance purchased 70 see-and-sew machines for $100,000 each and set up on site machine shops to grind the 30 templates needed for a typical shoe. Making each set of templates takes about a week, but they allow workers to produce a pair of shoes in 24 minutes, versus 3 hours in China. Labour cost per shoe is $4 an hour in Maine compared to $1.30 in China. The $2.70 labour cost differential is a manageable 4 percentage of the $70 selling price. Staying involved with the manufacturing process helps New Balance develop better designs, improve quality, and innovate their processes capabilities. The company would lose if it outsourced all of its production. But staying in one country is not advantageous either, especially when a 10% market share of athletic shoes in China would be the equivalent of 100 million customers (J., 1991) In order to maintain better methodology in intensifying globalization prospects in known level of competitive pressure in developing countries produced goods. There been a accelerated growth at an level of investment liberalization and increasing make up a fragmented approach in stages of production in value possible chain .Some of the process through which these manufacturing process can be yielded are reintegrated through a broad level of production system and global value chains (GVC) and global production networks(GPN) .Threes also a level of maintaining a group of transnational corporations(TNCs) ,which play a major role in organizing and maintaining a better level of infrastructure ,marketing and logistic and trade investment characteristics. Theres also a far reaching approach which can be more competitive and very much of cross national and provide a better technological way of analysing ,learning and better offerings in field of better welfare gains and brings out a major challenge. (Orr, 2009) By considering manufacturing companies to take up issues regardi ng the GVCs and other GPNs, theres always a diminishing pressure for protectionism of the one own trade and production growth. New Balance as said above tried to bring about greater amount of changes in sphere regarding to multicultural and other foreign market based sector identification prospects. They gave a huge turnaround in producing large number of shoes pairs for Beijing Olympic events, which was one the best Olympic events ever organized. They were also the issues regarding brining about technical and non-technical work base ethic work methodology and bring greater level of aspiration go head. Theres always a level of self-attaining and possible approach of having to reconfigure previous technological trajectory. (UNITED NATIONS, 2008) To have a further growth aspect in shoe based sector, there needs to be perfect level of sequential steps, which has to be taken care of for providing better service and product to the customer .These process need to be taken in greater sp here of knowledge and other related activities to bring about better service and conception issues at various level or can be said as the phased of production life cycle. There needs be a proper functioning mechanism which may help in making out better possibilities and due complexities in a life cycle based issues for better management and links in a clear way. (Entrekin Court, 2001) Theres always a mechanism through which a better span enterprise can be made up of better local economy and provide a greater regional economy based approached. There is always a diverse work based methodology and dynamism which brings a change in value chain serving an important factor for better possibilities in bringing about innovation at an enterprise level of value chain. (Orr, 2009) There has been always two level of divergent process which can be notified as buyer driven and producer driven value chain. The two distinct aspect make up a larger important and base level dynamic in providin g better inter reactions and generations at each of different case. There has been more of a point which can bring up better opportunities and capabilities for better differing in arrangements. There are always issues which would bring about buyer driven chains and difficult close coordination spectrum needs and get a better market yield of prospects. (Palmisano, 2006) In other buyer base driven value chain theres always a clear level of larger options and core competencies and has cool setting up driving factors in that value chain. It helps in providing an increasing access to organize and coordinate and get better control of all production and designing process. There needs to be a better marketing activity to gain better accumulation of consumer market for developed and developing countries. The chain is typically more intensive of industries and has a highly irrelevant development methodology. (Paul L. Dishman, 2008) Theres always seems to be a particular level of branded level product ,which are more of greater importance to capture a clear much added values in terms of red in product development and get better marketing options and maintain a clear brand protection property right. Theres always a better market position based approach which can result in a global brands in a specific market and region. When taken up with a clear producer values and key production and chain control of technologies and make up better importance positioning in a final product in a market. Theres always a clear level of coordinate issues regarding a value chain probability and take up responsible approach for suppliers and their customers .These chain of typical medium and high tech based prosperity conditions need to be taken up at an higher level. Theres also a clear level of developing country produced part of labour intensive and buyer driven chain prospects in exception to the East Asian newly industrializing economy, which can force a clear case of buyer to producer chain in terms of shoe production. (UNITED NATIONS, 2008) When setting up a better methodology theres also a need to take up better quality management issues and other requirement specification which are diverse universal. Here, it would be best in considering some part of process flow need to be taken care of. The following are the basic process technique for quality analysis, they are: Quality planning process for creating and designing and planning of product and services, which can meet or exceed a customer level expectations. Theres always a pathway for quality control improvement and process making up to a level of elimination variation. To take up a clear process of how better shoes are produced with a qualitative approach theres always seem to be a deficient way of taking 20 percentage output variations. Theres needed to be a clear performance measurement aspect to know a better level of constant process inherent and variation fairly constant over a ran ge of time. Theres always a level of performance inherent to a clear process .In other words ,theres always an original way of taking up greater quality control and accepted average and range of variation for better performance measurement .These zone are however need to be taken up for better standard performance. (Paul L. Dishman, 2008) Quality Management System When we come up with better Total quality management and ways of details at different approach can nowhere be seen .Theres been a different definition for Total Quality Management (TQM) scenarios which has to be emphasized in a continuous way. Theres always a level of quality improvement process architecture which need to have an institutional operations and represent a clear shift in differing administrative circles and form a clear collegial management. Total Quality Management principles need to have successfully implemented various issues and provide a clear knowledge skills and abilities. It also notes out better concept on quality based control and get better process methodology and clear foundation in process of Total Quality Management. (Palmisano, 2006) There always a level of better quality managed which have been emerge overnight and it has very inter related units for quality management ,which are collectively involved. There is also a level of Total Quality Manageme nt process which takes up greater level of operating breweries and quality with good word management having a clear service set up. (IKEA, 2007) TQM is a management process based on fundamental principles that focus an organizations energy on always meeting customers expectations. But because it is a process-not simply a program, it requires long-term commitment to bring into play in every aspect of the development. For a company like New Balance Corporation needs to have all the basic level work consideration and its unanimity .It has several years of quality based approach for better professional activity and numerous companies acronym .It has more number of circular base passage based configuration .Theres always a better initiative starting off with electronic and automobile manufacturing in the late 70s and early 80s and have greater level of banking and other service oriented based architecture companies. To have greater level of expenditure process in companies, there n eeds to be clear use of TQM and return of investment and originally expect a question based approach with a better Return of Investment hovering around. (J., 1991) Theres always a change in achieving a clear breakthroughs for better performance contribution breakthroughs .It also creates a better challenging standard performance quality control zone and representing things to be done in a better way. There has been a poor response at the chronic level and achieve better functionality approach .Theres always a historical based needs to be taken up for better cross solving functional problems. (Palmisano, 2006) Quality affects business performance Theres always a relationship consideration for major improvement for innovative and exploration for specified strategies and tactics to apply improvement in industry based application. In other way there has been a greater industry undergoing rapid technological change in uncertain environments and can be discussed about. The best quality based objective can be linked to different strategically approach and tactics with a quality field in particular for having job duties of a quality professional. (UNITED NATIONS, 2008) Figure Quality Management There also need to be an organization renewal efforts and prevent better organizational classified work on drawing an elaborating the best set up analysis work on small wins ,it was brought about by researchers like weick and frances (1996,454-455).There needs to be some significant benefits which can provide a better improvement form in detailed manner. The following are the process which can generate clear process at a generic le vel like of getting ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Getting Continuous improvement typically by moving out a clear large amount of employees and other improvement based in contrast to the large scale innovation and efforts to involve selected experts. The contribution of such broad mobilization of employees is potentially large. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Theres always a corollary of broad based efforts, which have to be taken up in small win system and parallel way resulting in an aggregate and change of efforts for a magnificent results. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ A series of small wins often precedes and follows large changes, first paving the way for these changes by providing momentum and basic learning, and second by eliminating the impediments to optimizing the new processes or products. In this sense, small wins make large-scale change possible. (J., 1991) Leonard Lynns study of the introduction of the basic oxygen furnace technology in steel making nicely illustrates this process (Lynn 1982). ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ When many seemingly revolutionary changes are scrutinized, they are found to be based on a series of small wins. Consider the revolutionary impact that the step-by-step reduction of machine setup times and die change times, pioneered at Toyota, had on changing the economics of small lot production in the auto industry (Robinson 1991, 85-86). ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ By being anchored in current practices, small wins encourage learning that is rooted in daily work routines exactly the kind of learning that is most likely to be transformed into effective practice. The speed at which firms develop and roll out new products has become an increasingly critical competitive issue. Consider that the product life cycles in the PC industry were approximately one year in the middle 1980s; by 1997, these were reduced to approximately three months (Curry and Kenney 1999, 8-9). Shorter product cycles me an that firms have less time to recoup their investments and be first to market with the right product, and quality confers major competitive advantage. (J., 1991) Indeed, in the new economy, some go as far as to argue that in this world of increasing returns, those products and firms that get ahead, advance further over time as a result of a series of positive feedback loops. This is a world of winner-takes-all markets. This exaggerated view ignores the dynamism of emergent markets and technology. Nevertheless, there is clear evidence That in rapidly changing high-tech markets, being late to market significantly reduces profits (Vesey 1991). Every manager nowadays seeks to compress development, production, and delivery times and integrate these operations into as seamless a process as possible. Financial Perspective Carefully observe how the reduced-quality product would affect the company financially. Discuss the financial analysis to justify the use of technology in the shoe manufacturing operation. When taking up new balance Corporation was taking up major issues pertaining to various technical prospects and its work basics. There are always issues pertaining to process based work financial management. New Balance Corporation in order to make up with the delivery scale for Beijing Olympic took up various issues pertaining level of normal time order specification and reduce their chance of going to bankruptcy and potentially take up a backseat in cost management. They have taken an order of automatic sewing machine which can help them in generating double the revenue prospects and other confidentiality aspects .The amount of product specification of potential cost generation on financial distress and include possibility customers take up the product thus varies and specify a clear fina ncial distress and reason for firms to have less debt and chosen potential cost variance. The potential cost has it variance in all aspect and can be a deciding factor when taking up a clear approach in ways when real quality product hasnt been ascertained. The major importance of these product based approach is not considered and better modelling frame has to be taken up for effects to be taken unknown. (Nikolai Rogovsky, 2007) We examine how product quality and pricing decisions vary with financial distress and bankruptcy in the shoe industry. We analyse whether managers reduce product market quality and prices in periods of financial distress before the firm actually defaults, as well as quality and pricing decisions in bankruptcy. Our measure of financial distress is a firms probability of default, calculated using Mertons distance to default measure. Changes in the probability of default may reduce a firms incentives to produce a high quality product since a reduction in qua lity may increase current cash flows at the expense of bondholders who may receive less in the future. Similarly, the firm may also have incentives to lower prices to increase market share and current cash flow even if this triggers a price war in the future. Financial implication to run shoe business As discussed above, one key requirement of the failing firm defence is that the relevant assets be Shopped to see if they would continue operating in the market in the hands of a less anticompetitive acquirer. If the financially distressed firm conducts a shop and receives a bid from another firm, however, it may not be the case that this acquirer will employ the assets in the market of concern. Assets are often fungible and have alternative uses to which they can be put. Perhaps a competing bidder even has in mind that it will liquidate them entirely. Given such uncertainty, should the competition authority be troubled by the possibility that the alternative purchaser might n ot continue employing the assets in its market of concern. (Palmisano, 2006) By taking another analysis of bidder taken up new balance financially distressed issue need to be more precise in getting greater market power. Theres also major change in aspect recreated in terms of the asset building and other market purchase in close based scenarios .New balance acquiring can be due to these, which can be a safe option for companies considering taking up of purchase as permitted. Theres also major scenario in taking up shop return goods and losses incurred in getting back the product. Hence Company has to make up a mark, which is more relevant to past aspect and general work based scenario setup As New Balance Corporation already has the major market power, which can make up a great extent of choosing price and better quality maintenance options needs to be better. In period of quality firms make up great number of technical prospect issues, which bring out lower quality is to be observed. Firms can cut quality and given that quality provision is costly, this will lower the marginal cost of production. Until consumers realize the good sold is of lower quality, firms will earn higher profits. Once the lower quality is observed, firms will face reduced demand. If the claimants do not bear the full cost of this reduced demand or face a very high discount rate, they may have incentives to shift profits into nearby periods. These features fit well the shoe industry. (Entrekin Court, 2001) In the Shoe industry, firms provision of quality is to some extent unobserved at the time a product been is sold. Consumers can observe lagged measures of quality, but quality at the actual time the product been used and some time may be quite different than past quality. Firms may also face a very high demand for current profits and may be willing to trade future profits for current profits. Debt, financial distress and bankruptcy play a role just as in the Maksimovic and T itman model, as financial distress and expected bankruptcy can increase the incentives of firms to lower quality. The intuition for financial distress to play a role is simple and follows directly from their model. If the firm defaults on its debt, debt holders rather than equity holders bear the loss of the future market share. (Orr, 2009) If a firm faces a significant chance of defaulting on its debt, it may choose to cut quality today in order to survive in the hopes that there is a positive demand shock before consumers discover the lower quality. The positive demand shock may enable survival, despite the demand reduction that comes as a consequence of lower past quality. Afterwards, the firm can rebuild its reputation. Put differently, the probability of default enters in the shoes supply of quality decision. The firms supply of quality will be affected by a higher probability of default because the future benefits of quality diminish, given that there is a higher probabilit y that the firm will enter into bankruptcy (equivalent to a higher discount rate). To the extent that not all consumers are aware of this present cut in quality, the firm optimally reduces quality taking an involuntary loan from consumers. This might help the firm, in the short run, to avoid bankruptcy. (J., 1991) This bankruptcy reorganization plan also has to pass a feasibility test specifically management has to demonstrate to the judge that the firm is viable as a going concern under the new plan. This plan can include a request to the bankruptcy judge that past union contracts be changed and a new wage structure imposed on the firms employees.